Ixora (龙船花)

Ixora is a common ornamental tropical area. It flowers look delightful in gardens with their variety of colours and species. This plant which blooms throughout the year is easy to grow. Plants are of two types- large; with height around 1 meter and dwarf or miniature plants. Miniature types can be grown in pots and the large ones on the ground. Ixora flowers last well when picked and put into a vase with water, making an attractive home arrangement and its flowers also have some medicinal uses. It grows in any climate the best time to grow is in the rainy season and will grow and flower best in full sun. Propagation is done through stem cuttings. Ixora plant has fruits, when the fruits turn into black it can be eaten.

Scallion （酢桨草 / 幸运草 ）:

A scallion also commonly known as spring onion, green onion, or salad onion. They are a variety of young onions with a long, thin white base that has not yet developed into a bulb and long straight green stalks that look like giant chives. Both the white base and the green stalks are commonly eaten.
Scallions have a milder flavor than mature onions, but a bit stronger than chives. The tops of these green onions may be used as a substitute for chives in many recipes.

Although scallions (green onions) may be cooked, either whole or chopped, they are perhaps most enjoyed fresh as in salads, as a crudite or as a last minute topper for sauces.

Cricket （蟋蟀）

Cricket （蟋蟀）

The cricket is insects related to the grasshopper. They have somewhat flattened bodies and long antennae. Their compound eyes enable them to see in several directions simultaneously. Crickets have wings but can not fly. Along with time their legs have been developed to jump at great heights. The lifespan of a cricket is less than one year.

Crickets are known for the loud chirping noises they make by rubbing their corrugated wing casings against combs on their hind legs. The chirp of cricket consists of two types: a calling song and a courting song. The former is used to attract females and repel other males. This is very loud. The latter is very quiet and is used when the female cricket is close. Depending on the species and the temperature of the environment, crickets chirp at different rates.

Cricket chirping：

Praying Mantis （螳螂）

Praying Mantis are carnivorous insects that belong to the family. Their colours vary, ranging from light greens to pinks flowers that insects will often land on them to get nectar.
Most often people think mantises are pests. That is only partly true. They can be beneficial, too. Praying mantises are terrific pest exterminators. They keep down the population of bugs that are a threat to farming. A master of disguise, the praying mantis can be an able assistant to farmer and gardener.

Praying Mantis versus Mouse：

Pangolin (穿山甲)

The pangolin is also called scaly anteater. Most species feed at night, sleep during the day, and roll into an impenetrable ball when threatened. Pangolins are the only mammals to have keratin scales as protection. Keratin is the same material that makes up claws and fingernails. On baby pangolins, the scales are soft, but they harden by adulthood. An adult pangolin can use both its claws and sharp scales on its tail as weapons to slash at attackers.

They use their excellent sense of smell to locate anthills and termite mounds in the darkness. They then use their sharp claws to burrow deep into these mounds, where they shove their long, sticky tongues in to snatch up hundreds or thousands of the insects. This is their sole source of food. Intelligent animals, pangolins often use their cleverness to get at obscure sources of food. . The pangolin gets its name from a Malay word pengguling, which means "something that rolls up.”

Sea Anemeone (海葵)

Sea anemones look like plants, but they are really meat-eating animals. Sea anemones usually spend most of their lives in one place, but some have the ability to move. If they do move, they can only travel three to four inches an hour. In the centre of the sea anemone is their mouth. The sea anemone eats small fish and shrimp，they must wait for their food to swim by then they sting it with their tentacles, and then push it into their mouth. Some even bury themselves in the mud.

鲸 (Whale)

Whales, one particular type of largest animals on Earth. There are two main types: baleen whales and toothed whales. Its gives birth to its young, baby whales nurse by drinking mother's milk. Its look very much like fish. However, whales are definitely not fish. They belong to the group of animals called mammals, there are warm-blooded. Their body temperatures remain the same at all times.

Porcupines (豪猪)

Natural shelters among roots and rocks are modified by porcupines to suit their needs. It will stamp its feet, click its teeth and growl or hiss while vibrating specialized quills that produce a characteristic rattle. If an enemy persists, the porcupine runs backward until it rams its attacker. The reverse charge is most effective because the hindquarters are the most heavily armed and the quills are directed to the rear.

Porcupines primarily eat roots, tubers, bark and fallen fruit but have a fondness, too, for cultivated root crops such as cassava, potatoes and carrots. Porcupines can be serious agricultural threats and porcupines can do a lot of crop damage in a single night. They are hunted using dogs, spears or nets, or smoked out of their burrows.

Porcupine vs. Lion:

Humans Breathe (respiratory system)

When we breathe, we inhale (take in) oxygen to the body and exhale (let out) carbon dioxide. Our chest moves up and down. The number of chest movement is the rate of breathing. Your respiratory system is made up of the organs in your body that help you to breathe.
Breathing starts with a dome-shaped muscle at the bottom of the lungs called the diaphragm. When you breathe in, the diaphragm contracts, when it contracts it flattens out and pulls downward. This movement enlarges the space that the lungs are in. This larger space pulls air into the lungs. When you breathe out, the diaphragm expands reducing the amount of space for the lungs and forcing air out. The diaphragm is the main muscle used in breathing.
As we inhale, the chest rise outwards and upwards cause the chest to expand. The air is taken in through the nose, down the windpipe into the lungs. This air contains more oxygen.

As we exhale, the chest moves in causing the chest to contract. The air inside the lungs then flows out from the lung to the windpipe and then out though the nose. This air contains more dioxide.

Polar bears

Polar bears live only in the northern Arctic. They have thick furs to enable them to live in very cold weather. The polar bear's skin is actually black, which allows it to soak up heat from the hot sun. They are good swimmers and will swim between ices floe. In the winter, female polar bears give birth hidden away in their dens. Polar bear cubs are very cute, but they grow up to be powerful predators. Polar bear meat can also be eaten and furs can be used as clothing, rugs, and blankets.

Seals

Their thick layers of fat protect seals warm, both at sea and outside. Its like most cold region animals have small ears to prevent them losing heat. They eat fish, squid and krill. They are very good divers, their strong flippers and smooth bodies help them move easily in the water and are able to dive down to 500m. Its can hold their breath for an hour. Seal enemies are Arctic foxes and polar bears. Today there are laws protecting seals from hunters. Inuit people who live in the Arctic just can hunt for a few seals each year.

Arctic foxes

Arctic foxes found in the Arctic regions of Eurasia, North America, Greenland, and Iceland. It has a thick coat, able to survive in freezing cold temperatures and able to survive changes in the weather. Their fur is white in winter but turns into brown in summer. This has helps them hide from their enemies. Arctic foxes sleep during cold weather and cover their bodies with their long tails. It prefers small mammals, also eats insects, seabirds, fish, seals, berries, carrion. During summer months when food is plentiful, they collect foods storing it in their dens or under rocks. Polar bear is their enemies and trappers kill them for their beautiful fur coats.

Armadillo

Armadillo is an endangered species, living in tropical rainforests in South America. It has a protective “horny” material on its head, body, and tail, when they are attack by their enemies, they curl their bodies into a ball, protect them again their enemies. The armadillo has poor eyesight, but a keen sense of smell. It is a good swimmer and is also able to walk across the bottom of small streams. Armadillo active at night and sleep during the day, they more enjoy eating ants, but also feed on earthworms, scorpions, spiders, and other invertebrates. They make numerous shallow holes while finding their food.

Giant Snail

It shells can grow as long as 4 in. and breed in captivity. Giant snails will eat just about any vegetable material but including for example cuttlefish bone, so that the snails can obtain the calcium they need to make their shells.

Once the snails are full grown they should start to lay eggs. Since snails are hermaphrodite, any two individuals will breed – each snail is both a male and a female and, although it cannot mate with itself, it can produce sperm and eggs. The eggs are about the size of a pea (larger in some species).

Chameleons

Chameleons have several unique features, of which their ability to change color is but one – and often exaggerated at that! In keeping with their arboreal habits, all chameleons have a prehensile tail that is often coiled like a watch spring when not being used to grasp a branch. The toes are fused into two groups and opposed to one another, so that they act as pincers, again for grasping, branches, and the body is greatly flattened from side to side so that they can balance more easily. Their camouflage is legendary – apart from looking rather like a green leaf, chameleons enhance this deception by moving very slowly and swaying from side to side as they go.

Male chameleons are more brightly colored than females of the same species and, if the species is one with horns or crests, those of the male will be larger and more extravagant. When it comes to feeding, they have two other unique adaptations. Their eyes rotate independently of one another, so that a hunting chameleon can stalk its prey and keep a wary eye open for predators at the same time. Only when it is about to reach for its prey do both eyes focus on the same point for a second or else. Then the chameleon demonstrates its final “trick” the tongue can be extended a huge distance, often equivalent to the length of its body, and ends in sticky tip so that the prey is knocked off its perch and withdrawn into the chameleon’s mouth is one swift operation.

Breathe (Life Processes)

Human and Animal need to breathe to stay alive, but different animals may have different breathing structures, for example frog used moist skin to help them breath.

Human need air to breathe. When we inhale (take in) and exhale (let out) air. We can notice that our chest moves up and down. This movement is called the rate of breathing. As we inhale, the air is taken through the nose, down the windpipe into the lungs. This air contains more oxygen. Alternatively, as we exhale, the chest moves in causing the chest to contract. The air inside the lungs then flows out from the lung to the windpipe and then out through the nose. This air contains more carbon dioxide.

Humans & Animals Excrete and Defecate

Humans & Animals excrete and defecate to get rid of waste materials from their bodies in order to keep them to stay healthy.

When defecate, the bodies get rid of undigested food or waste materials called faeces. Some animals waste can be used as fertilizers. Human excrete urine and sweat while Animals (e.g dog) excrete urine and Sliva.

What is Stimuli

Humans
When we accidentally touch a hot object or the thorn, we will move our hand away from the hot object or the thorns immediately. The hot object and thorns are examples of stimuli. The immediate movement of our hand away from the stimuli is called response.

Plants
The roots of the plants grow towards water and gravity. The shoots move towards the sunlight. Water, gravity and sunlight are examples of stimuli that plants respond to.